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  • 1) Выпишите из ТЕКСТА три сложноподчиненных предложения.
    2) В каждом из этих предложений подчеркните союз или союзное слово, которое соединяет главную часть с придаточной, а также укажите тип каждого из придаточных предложений.
    3) Составьте и запишите пять ‘альтернативных вопросов’ к ТЕКСТУ.
    4) Составьте и запишите пять специальных вопросов’ к ТЕКСТУ.

    Public lands and the role of the state
    As well as the two above categories of private property and customary tenure, the colonial state asserted its own land rights over what was variously called public, crown or state land (usually subsuming “native” land). It justified its claim as building up and protecting the 'public interest', on the basis that surplus land was either unoccupied (the concept of terra nullius, now discredited since the Mabo case in Australia) or not in obviously beneficial use. Once claimed, the state could then transfer that land through grant, sale or lease to new settlers or public bodies, which might be central government itself, regional or local authorities, or parastatal bodies (such as railways). After independence, in a reaction against socialist-driven attempts at land reform. neo-liberal policies have supported large-scale transfers of state land into the hands of private individuals and legal entities.
    Along with these separate and exclusionary categories of land went restrictions upon the movement of people, especially of the non-white colonial subjects (such as freed slaves, indentured and migrant workers), applied through requirements to carry travel and work documents. Plantation owners and mining companies wanted to stop their workers from absconding, while the state assumed the role of managing the migration of workers between and within colonies: the transition from private to state control over the mobility of workers has been interpreted as part of a historical dialectical transition from feudalism to capitalism. The most infamous example of controlled population movement was the South African pass laws, which denied access to white or other segregated areas for Africans without the correct pass. Africans occupying land without approval, for example in areas redesignated under the Group Areas Act, could be designated as squatters, and forcibly cleared from such 'black spots” and removed to the black 'homelands or townships. Such a destruction of complex socio-economic networks of kinship and neighbourhood, as was involved in the racial reordering of Cape Town, for instance (particularly the notorious clearance of District Six), has been likened to 'a man with a stick breaking spiderwebs in a forest.

  • Добрый день!
    Могу предложить Вам ответ на первые два задания. Но ошибки не исключаю.

    Сложноподчиненные предложения с выделенными союзами/союзными словами и указанием типов:
    1. As well as the two above categories of private property and customary tenure, the colonial state asserted its own land rights over what was variously called public, crown or state land (usually subsuming “native” land). (Придаточные предложения подлежащие)
    2. Once claimed, the state could then transfer that land through grant, sale or lease to new settlers or public bodies, which might be central government itself, regional or local authorities, or parastatal bodies (such as railways). (Придаточные определительные предложения)
    3. After independence, in a reaction against socialist-driven attempts at land reform. neo-liberal policies have supported large-scale transfers of state land into the hands of private individuals and legal entities. (Придаточные обстоятельственные времени)
    4. The most infamous example of controlled population movement was the South African pass laws, which denied access to white or other segregated areas for Africans without the correct pass. (Придаточные определительные предложения)

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  • Огромное вам спасибо! Вы не представляете, как вы помогли!

  • учите язык! наверняка уже не в первый раз сталкиваетесь с тем, что он вам очень нужен......