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    Вариант 1.

    I. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past или Future Simple или Continuous. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
    1. Job interview normally (to take place) in the company’s office or recruiting agency.
    2. The market (to be) definitely there in a few years.
    3. Manufacturers (to produce) new goods from raw materials.
    4. Last year (to be) a good year for the firm and our sales (to increase) considerably.
    5. At present engineers and designers of that plant continually (to develop) and (to create) new products.

    II. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Perfect, Past Perfect или Past Simple. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
    1. By that time the company already (to make) great progress in the use of recyclable bottles and packaging materials.
    2. In recent years the Colgate Company (to become) a truly global consumer products company, selling in more than 200 countries.
    3. In the 1930s one of the world’s strongest economies (to suffer) a devastating collapse.
    4. Countries (to trade) with each other for thousands of years.
    5. After the government (to put) higher taxes on petrol, people tried not to use their cars so often.

    III. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past или Future Simple действительного или страдательного залога. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
    1. A restriction on supply occurs when a market (to monopolize) by a single firm.
    2. At the next annual meeting of shareholders a new director (to elect) and major policy decisions (to make).
    3. In the late 19th century, the corporation (to view) by many as the chief instrument of monopoly.
    4. Prices usually (to increase) from one year to the next.
    5. Adam Smith realized that a nation’s wealth (to depend) on its ability to produce goods.

    IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните причастие I или причастие II, определите его функцию. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
    1. As a result, production and jobs in some industries were shifted to other countries.
    2. Money for this program is collected by a special tax, paid equally by employer and employee.
    3. Licensing is very attractive for firms lacking the capital to develop operations overseas.
    4. Booming house prices hurt first-time buyers much more than those already on the property ladder.
    5. This investment strategy has worked extremely well, producing an annual return of 17% since 2005.

    V. Перепишите следующие предложения, выбрав причастие I или причастие II. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
    1. This firm is interested in the purchase of machines producing/produced by our plants.
    2. Drawing up/Drawn up a contract for the sale of goods, it is necessary to give a detailed description of goods.
    3. Analysed/Analysing various demographic groups, the economists find that differences between urban and rural customers are much narrower nowadays than in the earlier decades.
    4. We will continue to implement the programs, aimed/aiming at developing the key directions of our operations.
    5. The gross domestic product is the total value of all the services and products supplied/supplying by a country during a whole year.

    VI. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы №1, 2, 3.
    Microeconomics vs. Macroeconomics
    1. Economic analysis is divided into two main branches: microeconomics and macroeconomics.
    In microeconomics we take a close-up view of the economy by concentrating on the choices made by individual participants in the economy such as consumers, workers, business managers, and investors.
    2. In macroeconomics we look at the economy from a broader perspective by considering its overall performance and the way various sectors of the economy relate to one another. We measure and evaluate the performance of the economy by the total value of annual production, the capacity of the economy to provide jobs, the changes in the purchasing power of money, and the growth of employment and output.

    3. Microeconomics In microeconomics we analyze how individuals choose among various courses of action by weighing the benefits and costs of alternatives available to them. In microeconomic analysis we place special emphasis on the role of prices in business and personal decisions. A major goal is to understand how the prices of particular goods and services are determined and how prices influence decisions. Because of its preoccupation with prices and trading of goods and services, microeconomics is sometimes called price theory.

    4. In microeconomics we study the actions of individuals as they buy and sell in market transactions. As you know, some services, such as education and police protection, are provided by government agencies rather than being sold in markets. What are the advantages and disadvantages of alternatives to markets as a means of accomplishing the basic tasks of the economy? How do political choices influence the functions and performance of the economy? We’ll examine each of these important questions as we learn to look at the economy from the micro perspective.

    5. Macroeconomics In macroeconomics we study changes in total national production and consumption, averages of the prices of broad groups of goods and services, and employment of workers in the economy. Macroeconomists seek to explain the causes of economic fluctuations and to suggest policies that will make the fluctuations less abrupt, with the aim of preventing excessive unemployment and rapid price increases.
    6. In macroeconomics we should place special emphasis on understanding the causes of unemployment and inflation. The unemployment rate is the number of jobless workers who are actively looking for work or who have been laid off from a job, expressed as a percentage of the total labor force. Unemployment is often a major issue in congressional and presidential elections. In fact, the federal government is required by law to pursue policies that seek to keep unemployment from becoming excessively high. If such policies are to succeed, the individuals who develop them must have a keen understanding of how the economy works.
    7. Inflation is another highly charged political issue. Inflation is a general yearly increase in the average level of prices for a broad spectrum of goods and services. Inflation weakens the purchasing power of money. It can create economic instability in a nation by harming the competitiveness of firms seeking to sell products in foreign markets.

    VII. Дайте письменные ответы на следующие вопросы к тексту:
    1. What is the difference between micro – and macroeconomics?
    2. What is the main goal of microeconomic analysis?
    3. Why do macroeconomists consider unemployment and inflation as two important factors of their research?

  • I. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past или Future Simple или Continuous. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
    1. Job interview normally takes place in the company’s office or recruiting agency.---Интервью обычно проходит в офисе компании или в кадровом агентстве.
    2. The market will definitely be here in a few years.---Через несколько лет здесь наверняка установятся рыночные отношения.
    3. Manufacturers produce new goods from raw materials.---Производители производят новую продукцию из сырья.
    4. Last year was a good year for the firm and our sales increased considerably.---Прошлый год был успешным для фирмы, и наши продажи значительно выросли.
    5. At present engineers and designers of that plant are continually developing and creating new products.---В настоящее время инженеры и конструкторы этого завода постоянно развивают и создают новую продукцию.

  • II. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Perfect, Past Perfect или Past Simple. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
    1. By that time the company had already made great progress in the use of recyclable bottles and packaging materials.---К тому времени компания уже достигла больших успехов в использовании вторичного пластикового сырья и упаковочных материалов.
    2. In recent years the Colgate Company has become a truly global consumer products company, selling in more than 200 countries.---В последние годы компания Колгейт стала поистине мировой компанией потребительских товаров, продавая свою продукцию в более чем 200 странах.
    3. In the 1930s one of the world’s strongest economies suffered a devastating collapse.---В 1930-х годах одной из наиболее развитых в экономическом отношении стран был нанесен сокрушительный удар.
    4. Countries have traded with each other for thousands of years.---НА протяжении тысяч лет страна торговали друг с другом.
    5. After the government had put higher taxes on petrol, people tried not to use their cars so often.---После того. как правительство обложило бензин более высокими налогами, люди стали не так часто пользоваться личным транспортом.

  • III. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past или Future Simple действительного или страдательного залога. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
    1. A restriction on supply occurs when a market is monopolized by a single firm.---Когда рынок монополизирует одна фирма, наступает ограничение в предложении.
    2. At the next annual meeting of shareholders a new director will be elected and major policy decisions will be made.---На следующем ежегодном собрании акционеров будет выбран новый директор и приняты основные политические решения компании ( то есть основные решения деятельности компании).
    3. In the late 19th century, the corporation was viewed by many as the chief instrument of monopoly.---В конце 19-го столетия многие рассматривали корпорацию как главный инструмент монополии.
    4. Prices usually increase from one year to the next.---Цены обычно растут из года в год.
    5. Adam Smith realized that a nation’s wealth depended on its ability to produce goods.---Адам Смит понимал, что благосостояние нации зависит от ее способности производить товары.

  • IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните причастие I или причастие II, определите его функцию. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
    1. As a result, production and jobs in some industries were shifted to other countries.---shifted, часть сказуемого, В результате. производство и рабочие места переместились в другие страны.
    2. Money for this program is collected by a special tax, paid equally by employer and employee.---collected, часть сказуемого, paid, определение Деньги для этой программы поступают из специального налога. который взимается как с работодателя, так и с работника.
    3. Licensing is very attractive for firms lacking the capital to develop operations overseas.---lacking, определение, Лицензирование очень привлекательно для фирм, у которых нет капитала для развития своих операций за границей.
    4. Booming house prices hurt first-time buyers much more than those already on the property ladder.---Booming, определение, Растущие цены на жилье больнее ударили по новым покупателям чем по тем, которые уже улучшили свои жилищные условия.
    5. This investment strategy has worked extremely well, producing an annual return of 17% since 2005.---worked, часть сказуемого, producing, обстоятельство, Данная стратегия инвестирования хорошо себя показала, давая ежегодную прибыль в 17% с 2005 года.

  • V. Перепишите следующие предложения, выбрав причастие I или причастие II. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
    1. This firm is interested in the purchase of machines produced by our plants.----Эта фирма заинтересована в приобретении машин, производимыми нашими заводами.
    2. Drawing up a contract for the sale of goods, it is necessary to give a detailed description of goods.---Составляя контракт на продажу товаров, необходимо давать их подробное описание.
    3. Analysing various demographic groups, the economists find that differences between urban and rural customers are much narrower nowadays than in the earlier decades.---Анализируя разные демографические группы, экономисты считают, что различия между городскими и сельскими жителями (покупателями) сейчас не являются таким разительными, какими они были в прошлые десятилетия.
    4. We will continue to implement the programs, aimed at developing the key directions of our operations.---Мы продолжим внедрять программы, нацеленные на развитие ключевых направлений наших операций.
    5. The gross domestic product is the total value of all the services and products supplied by a country during a whole year.---Валовой национальный продукт есть общая стоимость всех услуг и продукции, которые страна поставляет в течение целого года.

  • 1. Экономический анализ подразделяется на две основные ветви: микроэкономику и макроэкономику.
    В микроэкономике мы тщательно исследуем экономику, концентрируя внимание на тот выбор, который делают в экономике индивидуальные участники, как-то потребители, рабочие, бизнес менеджеры и инвесторы.
    2. В макроэкономике мы рассматриваем экономику с более широкой точки зрения, концентрируя внимание на общих характеристиках и взаимодействие различных секторов экономики друг с другом. Мы измеряем и оцениваем работу экономики в общем объеме годичного производства, способностью экономики предоставлять рабочие места, изменениями покупательной способности денег, ростом занятости и выпуском продукции.

    3. В микроэкономике мы анализируем выбор людьми различных способов деятельности путем взвешивания имеющихся у них выгод и затрат альтернатив. В микроэкономическом анализе мы мы особое ударение делаем на роль цен в бизнесе и принятие персональных решений. Основная цель---понять, как определяются цены на отдельные товары и услуги и как цены влияют на принятие решений. Иногда микроэкономику называют теорией цен, так как она занимается ценами и продажей товаров и услуг.

  • VII. Дайте письменные ответы на следующие вопросы к тексту:
    1. What is the difference between micro – and macroeconomics?---In microeconomics we analyze how individuals choose among various courses of action by weighing the benefits and costs of alternatives available to them. In microeconomic analysis we place special emphasis on the role of prices in business and personal decisions.
    In macroeconomics we look at the economy from a broader perspective by considering its overall performance and the way various sectors of the economy relate to one another. We measure and evaluate the performance of the economy by the total value of annual production, the capacity of the economy to provide jobs, the changes in the purchasing power of money, and the growth of employment and output

    2. What is the main goal of microeconomic analysis?---The main goal is to understand how the prices of particular goods and services are determined and how prices influence decisions.

    3. Why do macroeconomists consider unemployment and inflation as two important factors of their research?---In macroeconomics we should place special emphasis on understanding the causes of unemployment and inflation. The unemployment rate is the number of jobless workers who are actively looking for work or who have been laid off from a job. Unemployment is often a major issue in congressional and presidential elections. In fact, the federal government is required by law to pursue policies that seek to keep unemployment from becoming excessively high.
    Inflation is a general yearly increase in the average level of prices for a broad spectrum of goods and services. Inflation weakens the purchasing power of money. It can create economic instability in a nation by harming the competitiveness of firms seeking to sell products in foreign markets.