Уважаемый Виталий мне нужна Ваша помощь.

  • Здравствуйте, Виталий. Наконец-то я нашла форум и снова здесь. Помогите мне пожалуйста с заданиями. Понимаю, что задания элементарные, но так вышло что я плохо дружу с английским языком. Спасибо.
    Задание № 1. Перевести грамотно текст на русский язык.
    As the civilization grew up in Egypt, in China, and in other places, their rulers wanted to increase their wealth. To do this, they needed to protect their people’s food supply, to promote trade and growth, to defend themselves and to make war on other countries. So they took control of the economy as well as the government of their state. An economic system in which the decisions are made by a central authority like a king, a dictator, or a powerful political party is called a command economy.
    In a command economy, land and capital goods are owned and controlled by the central authority. The central decision – makers, called planners, decide what will be produced, how it will be produced, how much will be produced, and how it will be distributed. Individuals follow the decisions of the central planners. An example of a command economy in an industrial society was the Soviet Union.
    The needs of the entire country can be considered by the central planners. All the changes in what is produced can be made fairly quickly.
    Here are some disadvantages of the command economy.
    1) Individuals are not encouraged to develop new ideas and to work hard.
    2) day-to-day decision-making is sometimes very slow because a large number of people, called a bureaucracy, are involved in making decisions.
    3) power is in the hands of a few people-nobles or a angle political party – who often abuse the power for their own benefits.
    Задание № 2. На основании этого текста ответить на вопросы.
    For the most of human history, people have used the traditional economy. In a traditional economy things are done the way they have always been done. Tools, land and equipment are owned by families and tribes. The basic decisions were made in the distant past. Goods and services are produced according to habits and customs. In a traditional economy, the son usually does what his father did.
    There is a little or no economic growth in such a system. There is no investment in new or more efficient machinery. Traditional economy has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are:
    1.a traditional economy is very stable and people know what to expect
    2.everyone has a place in the economy. No one is left out.
    Here are some disadvantages:
    1.individuals don’t have much choice in the type of work they do. Their roles are based on custom.
    2.change comes very slowly.
    Today, traditional economies are common only among agricultural societies in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.
    Вопросы к тексту:
    1. What does it mean the traditional economic system?
    2. Who owns land and equipment in a traditional economy?
    3. Who makes the basic decisions?
    4. Is there any economic growth in such a system?
    5. What are the advantages of traditional economy?
    6. What are the disadvantages of traditional economy?
    7. Where are traditional economies common today?
    Огромное Вас спасибо. Дай Бог Вам крепкого здоровья!
    С уважением к Вам, Ирина.

  • Задание № 1. Перевести грамотно текст на русский язык.

    По мере роста цивилизации в Египте, Китае и других странах их правители хотели увеличить свое богатство. Для этого им надо было защитить поставки продовольствия их народами, развивать торговлю и поощрять ее рост, защищать себя и воевать с другими странами. Поэтому они взяли под контроль экономику и управление в своих странах Экономическая система, в которой решения принимаются центральной властью, как-то королем, диктатором или мощной политической партией, называется командной экономикой.
    При командной экономике земля и средства производства находятся в руках и контролируются центральной властью. Лица, принимающие решения в центре и называемые плановиками, решают, что будет производиться, как это будет производиться, сколько продукции будет производиться и как продукция будет распределяться. Отдельные лица выполняют решения центральных плановиков. Примером командной экономики в отдельно взятой стране был Советский Союз.
    Центральные плановики рассматривают потребности всей страны. Все изменения в производстве продукции могут происходить очень быстро.
    Вот некоторые недостатки командной экономики.
    1 индивидуумы не поощряются к развитию новых идей и упорной работе.
    2) повседневные решения порой принимаются очень медленно, потому что в этот процесс вовлечено огромное количество людей, называемых бюрократами.
    3) власть сосредоточена в руках горстки людей или одной политической партии, которые часто злоупотребляют ей в угоду собственных интересов.

    Задание № 2. На основании этого текста ответить на вопросы.

    For the most of human history, people have used the traditional economy. In a traditional economy things are done the way they have always been done. Tools, land and equipment are owned by families and tribes. The basic decisions were made in the distant past. Goods and services are produced according to habits and customs. In a traditional economy, the son usually does what his father did.
    There is a little or no economic growth in such a system. There is no investment in new or more efficient machinery. Traditional economy has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are:
    1.a traditional economy is very stable and people know what to expect
    2.everyone has a place in the economy. No one is left out.
    Here are some disadvantages:
    1.individuals don’t have much choice in the type of work they do. Their roles are based on custom.
    2.change comes very slowly.
    Today, traditional economies are common only among agricultural societies in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.

    Вопросы к тексту:

    1. What does the traditional economic system mean?---It means that things are done the way they have always been done.
    2. Who owns land and equipment in a traditional economy?---Families and tribes own land and equipment in a traditional economy.
    3. Who makes the basic decisions?---There is no information on that in the text. Perhaps, the basic decisions are made by the oldest members of the family (fathers).
    4. Is there any economic growth in such a system?---There is a little or no economic growth in such a system.
    5. What are the advantages of traditional economy?—They are as follows:
    1.a traditional economy is very stable and people know what to expect
    2.everyone has a place in the economy. No one is left out.

    6. What are the disadvantages of traditional economy?---They are as follows:
    1.individuals don’t have much choice in the type of work they do. Their roles are based on custom.
    2.change comes very slowly.
    7. Where are traditional economies common today?---They are common only among agricultural societies in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.