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    Он изучает язык на работе. Уроки очень интересные. На уроках он читает, переводит с английского на русский и обсуждает многие проблемы. Он очень занят целый день. Он приходит на работу в 9 и находится на работе до 6 вечера.

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    стр 34
    The Political System of Great Britain
    The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. This means that it has a monarch (a king or a queen) as its Head of State. The monarch reigns with the support of Parliament. Everything today is done in the Queen's name. It is her government, her armed forces, her law courts and so on. She appoints all the Ministers including the Prime Minister. Everything is done however on the advice of the elected Government. Parliament and the monarch have different roles in the government of the country, and they meet together on symbolic occasions such as the coronation of a new monarch or the opening of Parliament.
    British Parliament consists of two chambers known as the House of Commons and the House of Lords. In reality, the House of Commons has true power. All new bills are introduced and debated hi the House of Commons. If the majority of the members are in favour of a bill it goes to the House of Lords to be debated and finally to the monarch to be signed. Only then it becomes a law.

    The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament (called MPs for short), each of whom represents an area in England., Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. Parliamentary elections must be held every 5 years. The minimum voting age is 18. The election is decided on a simple majority the candidate with most votes wins.
    The British parliamentary system depends on political parties. The party which wins the majority of seats forms the Government and its leader usually becomes Prime Minister. The Prime Minister chooses about 20 MPs from his or her party to become the Cabinet of Ministers. Each minister is responsible for a particular area of the government. The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and "Shadow cabinet".
    The House of Commons is made up of 650 elected members. The House of Commons is presided over by Speaker, a member acceptable to the whole House MPs sit on two sides of the hall, one side for the governing party and the other for the opposition. The first two rows of seats are occupied by the leading members of both parties (called "front-benchers"), the back benches belong to the rank and file MPs ("back-benchers"). Each session of the House of Commons lasts for 160-175 days. MPs are paid for their parliamentary work and have to attend the sittings. MPs have to catch the Speaker's eye when they want to speak, then they rise from where they have been sitting to address the House and must do so without either reading a prepared speech or consulting notes.
    The other House of Parliament is the House of Lords. The House of Lords has more than 1000 members, although only about 250 take an active part in the work of the House.
    This House consists of those lords who sit by right of inheritance and those men and women who have been given life peerages which end with the life of their possessors. Members of this Upper House are not elected. They sit there because of their rank. The chairman of the House of Lords is the Lord Chancellor and he sits on a special seat called the Woolsack. The members of the House of Lords debate a bill after it has been passed by the House of Commons. Changes may be recommended, and agreement between the two Houses is reached by negotiations. The Lord's main power consists of being able to delay non-financial bills for a period of a year. The House of Lords is the only non-elected second chamber in the parliaments of the world.
    Political parties first emerged in Britain at the end of the 17-th century. The Conservative and Liberal Parties are the oldest and until the end of the 19-th century they were the only parties elected to the House of Commons. The main British political groupings are the Conservative and Labour Parties and the Party of Liberal Democrats. There are also some smaller parties: the Scottish National and Welsh Nationalist Parties and others.
    The conservative Party is often called the Tory Party. Today it is the party of big business, industry, commerce and landowners. Most of the money needed to run the party comes from large firms and companies. The party represents those who believe in private enterprise as opposed to state-owned undertakings. The Tories are a mixture of the rich and privileged, the monopolists and landowners.
    The Conservative Party and the Liberal Party are more than 300 years old. In the middle of the 19-th century the Liberal Party represented the trading and manufacturing classes. Then many working people looked at it as alternative to the Conservatives. In 1988 the Liberal Party made an alliance with Social Democrats and the Party of Liberal Democrats was formed.
    The Labour Party, formed in 1900, was the one which drew away working people's support. It was founded by the Trades Unions. When the Labour Government was first elected in 1945 it showed a considerable change in policy from the Tories. In home policy the tendencies of the Labour Party are to nationalize gas, electricity, coal and the railway.

    стр 36
    THE PRINCE OF WALES AND THE DUKE OF CORNWALL
    The Prince of Wales is the title which is given to the king's (queen's) eldest son when he becomes 18. The origin of this title goes back to the time of Edward L When Edward I destroyed Welsh independence in the war of 1282-1283, he created an unwritten law making the eldest son of an English king the Prince of Wales. The king's son inherits the title of Prince of Wales at a special ceremony and automatically is pronounced king when the old king dies. Hence we have the saying "The king is dead, long live the king".

    Answer the questions:
    1. What title does the king' eldest son inherit? 2. Since what time does this tradition exist in Britain? Who introduced it? 3. What is the title of the king's eldest son at his birth? 4. What is the meaning of the saying "The king is dead, long live the king"?

    Writing
    Translate the following text using a dictionary
    LEGISLATION
    Legislation is initiated in the House of Parliament in the form of Bills. Public Bills are of two kinds, those introduced by the Government of the day, and those introduced by a private member. A Bill (except a Money Bill, which must originate in the House of Commons) can be introduced in either House and when presented receives its First Reading, after which it is printed and circulated to members. The next stage is the second Reading, in the debate on which the issues raised are discussed. If passed it reaches the Committee Stage and is referred to a Committee. Bills of major importance are usually sent to a Committee of the whole House. In Committee a Bill is discussed clause by clause, and is returned to the House with or without amendment. The next step is the Report Stage when the Bill is accepted by the House or sent back to the same or another Committee for further consideration. Finally the Bill receives its Third Reading and is sent to the House of Lords. When a Bill has been

  • The United Kingdom
    The United Kingdom, officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is an island nation and constitutional monarchy in north-western Europe, member of the European Union (EU).
    Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles. It comprises, together with numerous smaller islands, England and Scotland, and the principality of Wales. Northern Ireland, also known as Ulster, occupies the north-eastern part of the Island of Ireland.
    The United Kingdom is bordered to the south by the English Channel, which separates it from continental Europe, to the easy by the North Sea, and to the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The only land border is between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242 sq. km. The capital and the largest city is London.
    England and Wales were united administratively, politically, and legally by 1543. The crowns of England and Scotland were united in 1603, but the tow countries remained separate political entities until the 1707 Act of Union, which formed the Kingdom of Great Britain with a single legislature. From 1801, when Great Britain and Ireland were united, until the formal establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, the kingdom was officially named the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
    The mainland of the Island of Great Britain is 974 km at its widest; however, the highly indented nature of the island’s coast-line means that nowhere is more than about 120 km from the sea.
    The climate of the United Kingdom is mild relative to its latitude, which is the same as that of Labrador in Canada. The mildness is an effect of the warm Gulf Stream. This current brings the prevailing south-west winds that moderate winter temperatures and bring the depressions which have the main day-to-day influence on the weather. The western side of the United Kingdom tends to be warmer than the eastern; the south is warmer than the north. The mean annual temperature is 6°C in the far north of Scotland; 11°C in the south-west of England. Winter temperatures are rarely higher than 32°C. The sea winds also bring plenty of moisture; average annual precipitation is more than 1,000 mm.
    The population of United Kingdom is more than 56 mln people, but it is one of the world’s leading commercial and industrialized nations. In terms of gross national product (GNP) it ranks fifth in the world, with Italy, after the United States, Japan, Germany, and France.

  • Соединенное Королевство

    Соединенное Королевство официальное название Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии явялется островной страной конституционной монархией на северо=западе Европы член Европейского Сообщества.
    Соединенное Королевство ¬¬– самый крупный из Британских островов
    . Он состоит вместе с многочисленными малент кими островами из Англии Шотландии и Уэльса. Северная Ирландия также известная как Ольстер занимает северо-восточную часть острова Ирландия.
    Соединенное Королевство омывается на юге Ламаншем который отделает его от континентальной Европы на востоке Северным морем и на западе Ирландским морем и Атлантическим океаном.
    . Единственная наземная граница проходит между Северной Ирландией и Республикой Ирландия. Общая площадь Соединенного Королевства оставляет 242 кв. Км. Столицей и крупнейшим городом явдяется Лондон
    К 1543 году Англия и Уэльс были объхединены административно политически и юридически. Короны Анлии и Шотландии были объединены в 1603 году а буксирные страны оставались отдельными политическими реальностями вплоть до АКТА об Объединении 1707 который образовал Королевство Великобритании с единым законодательством С 1801 года когда Великобритания и и Ирландия были объединены до официального образования Ирландского Свободного Государства в 1922 году королевство имело официальное название Соединенноео Королевство Великобритании и Ирландии.
    В самом широком месте остров Великобритании составляет 974 км но сильно изрезанная береговая линия острова означает что нигде это расстояние не превышает более примерно 120 км от моря.
    Климат Соединенного Королевства мягкий относительно широты государства , что равно климату Лабрадора в Канаде. Мягкость климата является результатом воздействия теплого течения Гольф Стрим . Течение приносит преимущественные юго-западные ветры которые делают зимние температуры умеренными и создают область пониженного давленя которое и влияет ежедневно на погоду Западная часть Соединенного Королевства теплее чем его восточная часть юг теплее севера. Средняя годовая температура составляет 6°Цельсия на дальнем севере Шотландии; 11°Цельсия на юго-востоке Англии Зимние температуры редкл поднимаются выше 32°Цельсия. Морские ветры приносят большую влажность средняя годовая норма выпадения осадков составляет более 1000 мм.
    Население Соединенного Королевства составляет более 56 миллионов человек , страна является одной из ведущих мировых торговых и промышленных стран. По валовому национальному продукту страна занимает пятое место в мире вмсте с Италией после США Японии Германии и Франции.

  • ...11°Цельсия на юго-ЗАПАДЕ Англии...

  • Константин, сколько стоют Ваши услуги по переводу с русского? Спасибо

  • The Romans were the first to settle and occupy the Celtic fortress of Londinium. Construction of a bridge in 100 A.D. made London an important junction: it soon became a busy commercial and administrative settlement, and in the 2nd century A.D. a wall was built round the city.
    The Roman Empire fell in the 5th century. London have maintained its trading activity. In the 9th century Danish invaders destroyed much of the city. They were followed by the Saxons led by King Alfred the Great, who entered the city in 886. The Danes remained a powerful force in England, however, and it was not until the reign of Edward the Confessor, which began in 1042, that civic stability was re-established, to be cemented by the Norman Conquest in 1066.
    William the Conqueror centred his power at the Tower of London, and his White Tower is still the heart of this impressive monument.
    The City soon united its economic power with political independence. Late in the 12th century it elected its own Lord Mayor. From 1351 it elected its own council, and by the end of the 14th century the reigning sovereign could not enter the City without permission.
    In the reign of Elizabeth I had the arts a renaissance with such great dramatists as Shakespeare, Marlowe, and Ben Jonson.
    In 1665, London had been devastated first by the Great Plague, and then by the Fire of London, which destroyed most of the city the following year. During the reconstruction of the city, following the original street pattern, the architect Sir Christopher Wren was given responsibility for the design of a number of State-funded buildings, including St. Paul's Cathedral.
    The western part of London was developed under the Hanoverian Kings: great squares were laid out such as those of Grosvenor, Cavendish, Berkeley, and Hanover, and more bridges were built across the river. Public services were improved, such as the water supply and sewerage systems, and the streets were paved.
    In the 19th century London's population began to rise still more rapidly: it increased sixfold over the century as a whole, thanks to influx from all over the British Isles, from Britain's colonies, and from continental Europe. The Industrial Revolution was creating huge numbers of jobs, but never enough to satisfy the hopes of all the poor people who came to the capital. The novels of Charles Dickens tell us about the social problems of that period.
    The First World War had little effect on London, but the Depression that followed in the late 1920s and early 1930s hit the whole country, including the capital. There were hunger marches and riots. London was to pay far more dearly during World War II. The intensive bombing of London (The Blitz) in 1940-1941 took the lives of 10,000 people and left 17,000 injured. Countless historic buildings were damaged, including the Houses of Parliament.
    After the war London was to re-emerge as a radically different city. The docks had been so severely damaged that reconstruction, a very expensive process, was not reasonable. By the end of the 1950s most of the war damage had been repaired. New skyscrapers were built, outdoing each other in height and spectacular design. The 30-storey Post Office Tower was built in 1965. It is 189 m high. Other significant post-war developments include the 183 m National Westminster Bank Building (1979); and Britain's highest building, the 244 m Canary Wharf Tower on the Docklands site, near to a new City airport.

  • Government
    1. United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, This means that it has a monarch (a queen) as its Head, of State. The monarch reigns with the support of Parliament. Everything is done in the Queen's name. It's her government, her armed forces, her law courts and so on. She appoints all the Ministers, including the Prime Minister. Everything is done however on the advice of the elected Government, and the monarch takes no part in the decision-making process.
    2. Parliament consists of two chambers known as the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Parliament and the monarch have different roles in the government of the country. In reality, the House of Commons is the only one of three which is true power. It a here that new bills are introduced and debatedt if the majority of the members are not in favour of a bill it goes to the House of Lords to be debated and finally to the monarch to be signed. Only then it becomes Act of Parliament and the Law of the Land.
    3. The House of Commons is made up of 650 elected members known as Members of Parliament (MPs), each of whom represents an area in England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. MPs are elected for 5 years at a general election or at a by-election following the death or retirement of an M.P. The political parties choose candidates in elections. The party which wine the majority of seats forms the Government and its leader usually becomes Prime Minister. The Prime Minister chooses about 20 Members of Parliament for his party to become the Cabinet of Ministers. The House of Commons is presided over by the speaker a member acceptable to the whole House. Hе doesn't belong to any party. MPs have to catch the Speaker's eye when they want to speak, then rise from where they have been sitting to address the House. All the speeches begin "Mister Speaker Sir"
    4. The House of Lords consists of 1100 members. Most of the members are hereditary peers: dukes, marquises, earls, barons. The Ноuse of Lords is the highest Court of Appeal. The chairman of the House of Lords is the Lord Chancellor and he sits on a special seat called the Woolsack. The members of the House of Lords debate a bill after it has been passed by the House of Commons. The Lords' main power consists of being able to delay non-financial bill for a period of a year, but they can also introduce certain types of bill.
    5. Nowadays in Great Britain there are 3 main political parties the Conservative Party, the Liberal Party and the Labour Party. The Conservative Party, often called the Tory Party, is a that of big business, industry, commerce and landowners. The party represents those who believe in private enterprise as opposed to state* -owned undertakings. The Tories are a mixture of the rich and privileged - the monopolists and landowners. The Conservative Party is the most powerful and is often called a party of 6 directors.
    6. The Labour Party depart ultra left ideals, promises to increase taxes for the rich and to increase benefits for families with children and pensioners. The Labour Party is composed mainly of trade-union members. Although the Labour Party members call themselves socialists, the action of the Labour Party tends to support reformed capitalism.
    7. The Liberal Party enjoys the support of 15 % of voters. It admits the existence of the market economy. The Liberal Party Is small in size, it represents the interests of liberal bourgeoisies and its relations with the Tory and the Labour Party are complex.